Photovoltaic performance refers to the efficiency and effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) systems in converting sunlight into electricity. This research area focuses on improving the performance of solar cells and panels through advancements in materials, design, and technology. Key aspects of photovoltaic performance research include increasing conversion efficiency, durability and reliability of PV systems, reducing costs, and optimizing performance under varying environmental conditions. This field plays a crucial role in the development of sustainable energy solutions and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.